Annotated Bibliography Memory Manipulation - 1627 Words

Memory Manipulation: Molecular Engram Modification for the Forgotten Millions of people on this Earth struggle daily with diseases that lie out of their control. Some with the involuntary and gradual amnesia of loved ones, others with memories that plague and haunt them on the loneliest of nights, and more. These issues are ironically forgotten those unaffected, and all stem from the same place- the brain’s memory engram cells. Engram cells are encoded neural tissue that provides a trace of memory and therefore is responsible for memory retrieval (1). Working in the lab with the implantation of memories and manipulating said engram cells of rodents can, over time, develop into altering human cells and activating memory retrieval to†¦show more content†¦Then, the mice would experience secondary exposure to a contrasting environment and associate it with a painful memory. The test subjects would then be returned to their initial environment in which no they were unharmed. Through this proce dure, the rodents were given false memories through manipulation as they reacted negatively to the area in which nothing occurred. Tonegawa commonly used shocking the mice as his method yet other studies used alternative methods as well. This worked due to the optical reactivation of neurons that took part in the trauma while in the location in which no pain was delivered (4). Experiments also revealed that the configuration of true and false memories set off similar molecular changes. With the ability to implant false memories, a variety of possibilities appear. As several studies (including Tonegawa’s) acknowledged chemical compounds for application in subduing or even eliminating the memories of mice, hypothetical treatments for addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc. for humans became realistic (6). Research has also been conducted involving the development of pharmacological strategies enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer’s with the focus on restoring memory and thoughts of cell therapeutic intervention through endogenous cell manipulation; therefore, suggesting gradual movement in the direction of a societal impact asShow MoreRelatedOverview. Octavia Butler’S Kindred Focuses On The Perspective1731 Words   |  7 Pagesorder to emphasize the widespread effects of prejudice upon human rights. In addition, the contrast of societies also serves to compare the troubles of the past society from the progressive perspective of 1976. The articles chosen within this annotated bibliography focus specifically on the multiple impacts of slavery. 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The topics include linear algebra, vector calculus, differential geometry, real analysis, point-set topology, differential equations, probability theory, complex analysis, abstract algebra, and more. An annotated bibliography offers a guide to further reading and more rigorous foundations. This book will be an essential resource for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in mathematics, the physical sciences, engineerin g, computer science, statisticsRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesthe field. It is available at www.wiley.com/college/montgomery. Student Resource Manual The text contains answers to most of the odd-numbered exercises. A Student Resource Manual is available from John Wiley Sons that presents comprehensive annotated solutions to these same odd-numbered problems. This is an excellent study aid that many text users will find extremely helpful. The Student Resource Manual may be ordered in a set with the text or purchased separately. Contact your local Wiley representativeRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesbypassed the mechanism that was set up for measuring the length of time that incoming calls were waiting before being answered. We witness such failures of performance measurement systems at a time when the technologies involved in the capture, manipulation, and distribution of information have never been better. Successive waves of information technology (IT) development have been greeted with optimistic analyses of their potential to strengthen signiWcantly our attempts at controlling behaviourRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesan organization cannot abandon recognition of prior achievements of individuals and the organizational whole because that could demoralize people who contributed to those past successes. The corporate memory, that body of data, information, and knowledge residing in files but also primarily in memories of staff, is valuable as a source of knowledge in fulfilling the strategic aims and objectives of an organization. The internally â€Å"looking around† aspect of the planning process, the performance evaluation